From: =?iso-2022-jp?B?SW50ZXJuZXQgRXhwbG9yZXIgMTEgGyRCJEdKXUI4JDUkbCRGJCQbKEI=?= =?iso-2022-jp?B?GyRCJF4kORsoQg==?= Subject: Brain Mechanisms of Syntactic Processing Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 15:45:06 +0900 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0C81_01D61F06.52693620" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0C81_01D61F06.52693620 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://mind.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/Sakai_Lab_files/News/HFSP2001.htm
Brain Mechanisms =
of Syntactic=20
Processing
SAKAI, Kuniyoshi L.
Dept. of =
Cognitive=20
and Behavioral Science
Graduate School of Arts and =
Sciences
The University of Tokyo
=
JAPAN
PHILLIPS,=20
Colin (UK)
Dept. of Linguistics, Cognitive Neuroscience =
of=20
Language Lab.
University of Maryland, College Park
=
=09
USA
This project=20 focuses on human knowledge of sentence structure, and aims to bridge = the gap=20 between our understanding of linguistic structure at the cortical level = and at=20 the level of theoretical and computational models. The central issue is = how the=20 brain solves the problem of discrete infinity in human language, the = means by=20 which humans are able to use a finite store of linguistic knowledge to = create=20 an infinite number of sentences. The research project will be carried = out by an=20 international team which brings together a group from Japan with = expertise in=20 cellular and cortical mechanisms for information processing, and a = group from=20 the United States with expertise in dynamic models of linguistic = processes.=20 Through a merger of the neuroscientific and linguistic mechanisms = identified=20 independently by the two groups, a detailed linking hypothesis emerges = for the=20 encoding of linguistic structures in cortical language = areas.
The =91discrete=92=20 part of the solution consists of a mechanism for representing the = combinatorial=20 possibilities of a finite set of individual words. This mechanism is=20 hypothesized to be stored in specific temporal regions, and may be = related to=20 cellular mechanisms identified by the Japanese group. The = =91infinite=92 part of=20 the solution consists of a mechanism for building and maintaining = transient=20 representations of combinations of words and phrases. We hypothesize = that this=20 mechanism is supported by the subregions of Broca=92s area. Additional = mechanisms=20 are responsible for effectively combining these two representational = devices =96=20 these additional processes must search the store of combinatorial = possibilities=20 to identify well-formed structural relations, and to diagnose = grammatical=20 errors, in order to determine which structures should be represented. = The=20 project will extend an explicit computational model of each of these = component=20 processes, and will test experimental predictions about which of these=20 processes are active when and where in the construction of sentence = structures.=20 The project pursues the hypothesis that languages with radically = different word=20 orders differ only in their finite, lexical store of information, such = that the=20 mechanisms for analyzing and storing syntactic structures are fixed = across=20 languages.
The project=20 focuses on fMRI, MEG, and ERP recordings of speakers of Japanese and = English,=20 in conjunction with behavioral experiments and computational modeling. = The=20 first set of experiments investigates a variety of different = well-formed=20 structural dependencies, and the mechanisms which allow these = dependencies to=20 be represented. These include studies of referential dependencies = (pronominal=20 coreference, displacement operations) and agreement dependencies=20 (subject-auxiliary agreement, Japanese noun-numeral dependencies). The = second=20 set of experiments investigates the grammatical search procedures that = diagnose=20 the well- or ill-formedness of sentences, and contrasts the processing = of=20 universal and language-particular grammatical constraints. The third = set of=20 studies focuses on the degree of uniformity of structure-building = mechanisms=20 across languages with radically different word = orders.
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